Antiproton Collector - Revision history

Vigen at 15:06, 24 April 2026

2026-04-24T15:06:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:06, 24 April 2026
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	~~{{Short description\|CERN infrastructure}}~~		The '''Antiproton Collector''' ('''AC''') was part of the antiparticle factory at [[CERN]] designed to decelerate and store antimatter, to study the properties of antimatter and to create atoms of antihydrogen. It was built in 1986 around the existing [[Antiproton Accumulator]] (AA) to improve the antiproton production by a factor of 10. Together, the Antiproton Collector and the Antiproton Accumulator formed the so-called Antiproton Accumulator Complex (AAC).
	~~[[File:Overview of the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) and Antiproton Collector (AC) at CERN.jpg\|thumb\|Overview of the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) and Antiproton Collector (AC) at CERN]]~~

	The '''Antiproton Collector''' ('''AC''') was part of the antiparticle factory at [[CERN]] designed to decelerate and store [[antimatter]], to study the properties of antimatter and to create atoms of [[antihydrogen]]. It was built in 1986 around the existing [[Antiproton Accumulator]] (AA) to improve the antiproton production by a factor of 10. Together, the Antiproton Collector and the Antiproton Accumulator formed the so-called Antiproton Accumulator Complex (AAC).

	Low energy antiproton research continues at CERN using the [[Antiproton Decelerator]]. It was built as a successor to [[Low Energy Antiproton Ring\|LEAR]] and started operation in 2000.		Low energy antiproton research continues at CERN using the [[Antiproton Decelerator]]. It was built as a successor to [[Low Energy Antiproton Ring\|LEAR]] and started operation in 2000.

	== History ==		== History ==
	~~{{Antimatter_facilities}}~~
	After the [[Antiproton Accumulator]] (AA) had been operational since 1980, the update program '''ACOL''' ('''Antiproton COLlector''') was proposed in 1983.<ref name=designstudy>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/62881?ln=en "CERN Scientific Committee: ''Design Study of an Antiproton Collector for the Antiproton Accumulator (ACOL)''" (1983) ] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref> The update comprised improvement work on the antiproton source, the construction of the Antiproton Collector (AC), as well as reconstructions of the injection and ejection systems of the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) and its [[stochastic cooling]] system. The estimated budget of the upgrade program was 40.2 million CHF. The changes were implemented during 1986 and 1987, with the AC getting constructed tightly around the existing AA ring.<ref name=progress>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/159672?ln=en "E. Jones: ''Progress on ACOL''" (1985) ] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref>		After the [[Antiproton Accumulator]] (AA) had been operational since 1980, the update program '''ACOL''' ('''Antiproton COLlector''') was proposed in 1983.<ref name=designstudy>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/62881?ln=en "CERN Scientific Committee: ''Design Study of an Antiproton Collector for the Antiproton Accumulator (ACOL)''" (1983) ] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref> The update comprised improvement work on the antiproton source, the construction of the Antiproton Collector (AC), as well as reconstructions of the injection and ejection systems of the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) and its [[stochastic cooling]] system. The estimated budget of the upgrade program was 40.2 million CHF. The changes were implemented during 1986 and 1987, with the AC getting constructed tightly around the existing AA ring.<ref name=progress>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/159672?ln=en "E. Jones: ''Progress on ACOL''" (1985) ] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref>

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	== Operation ==		== Operation ==
	~~[[File:Sketch of hydraulic analogon of the Antiproton Accumulator Complex.png\|thumb\|Sketch of hydraulic analogon of the Antiproton Accumulator Complex (see text for further explanation)]]~~		The main scope of the Antiproton Collector (AC) was to increase the antiproton luminosity in CERN's accelerator complex. Upgrading to the AC increased the number of available antiprotons tenfold to around {{val\|4.5\|e=9}} antiprotons per second. The reason for this was the much larger acceptance of the AC compared to the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) alone. Additionally, several methods to compress the antiproton beams' phase space volume were applied, e.g. stochastic cooling.<ref name=autin>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/156910 "B. Autin: ''The CERN Antiproton Collector''" (1985)] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref>
	The main scope of the Antiproton Collector (AC) was to increase the antiproton ~~[[Luminosity (scattering theory)\|~~luminosity]] in CERN's accelerator complex. Upgrading to the AC increased the number of available antiprotons tenfold to around {{val\|4.5\|e=9}} antiprotons per second. The reason for this was the much larger acceptance of the AC compared to the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) alone. Additionally, several methods to compress the antiproton beams' [[phase space]] volume were applied, e.g. [[stochastic cooling]].<ref name=autin>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/156910 "B. Autin: ''The CERN Antiproton Collector''" (1985)] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref>

	The antiprotons were produced by accelerating protons onto a target. The resulting antiprotons emitted by the target material had a large ~~[[Beam~~ divergence~~\|divergence]]~~, which called for special devices to focus them. Instead of [[quadrupole ~~magnet]]s~~, which are conventionally used to focus particle beams, rods of solid [[lithium]] with an applied high gradient magnetic field were implemented.		The antiprotons were produced by accelerating protons onto a target. The resulting antiprotons emitted by the target material had a large divergence, which called for special devices to focus them. Instead of quadrupole magnets, which are conventionally used to focus particle beams, rods of solid lithium with an applied high gradient magnetic field were implemented.

	The functionality of the Antiproton Accumulator Complex can be well understood through the analogon of a hydraulic system, which is depicted in the included picture. The tap represents the target systems that produce antiprotons. These are collected in the collector ring with a large acceptance (the funnel). The accumulator ring can be compared to a reservoir, where the antiprotons are accumulated and eventually released as even, well defined bunches.<ref name=autin />		The functionality of the Antiproton Accumulator Complex can be well understood through the analogon of a hydraulic system, which is depicted in the included picture. The tap represents the target systems that produce antiprotons. These are collected in the collector ring with a large acceptance (the funnel). The accumulator ring can be compared to a reservoir, where the antiprotons are accumulated and eventually released as even, well defined bunches.<ref name=autin />
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	*[[Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron]]		*[[Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron]]

			For more information, see [[wikipedia:Antiproton Collector\|Wikipedia]].
	== References ==		== References ==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	~~== External links ==~~
	*[https://archive.today/20120524205519/http://livefromcern.web.cern.ch/livefromcern/antimatter/history/AM-history02-c.html The History of Antimatter]
	*Record for [https://inspirehep.net/experiments/1614805 Antiproton Collector] experiment on [[INSPIRE-HEP]]

	{{CERN}}		{{CERN}}
			[[Category:Decommissioned CERN particle accelerators]]
	~~[[Category:Particle experiments]]~~		[[Category:Pages linking to Wikipedia]]
	[[Category:CERN accelerators]]
	[[Category:~~Particle physics facilities]]~~
	~~[[Category:CERN facilities~~]]

Vigen: 1 revision imported from :wikipedia:Antiproton_Collector

2026-04-24T15:02:38Z

1 revision imported from wikipedia:Antiproton_Collector

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:02, 24 April 2026
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wikipedia>Bibliophilen: Does not belong in category "CERN"—it is already in the sub-category "CERN accelerators".

2025-05-30T08:54:52Z

Does not belong in category "CERN"—it is already in the sub-category "CERN accelerators".

New page

{{Short description|CERN infrastructure}}
[[File:Overview of the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) and Antiproton Collector (AC) at CERN.jpg|thumb|Overview of the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) and Antiproton Collector (AC) at CERN]]

The '''Antiproton Collector''' ('''AC''') was part of the antiparticle factory at [[CERN]] designed to decelerate and store [[antimatter]], to study the properties of antimatter and to create atoms of [[antihydrogen]]. It was built in 1986 around the existing [[Antiproton Accumulator]] (AA) to improve the antiproton production by a factor of 10. Together, the Antiproton Collector and the Antiproton Accumulator formed the so-called Antiproton Accumulator Complex (AAC).

Low energy antiproton research continues at CERN using the [[Antiproton Decelerator]]. It was built as a successor to [[Low Energy Antiproton Ring|LEAR]] and started operation in 2000.

== History ==
{{Antimatter_facilities}}
After the [[Antiproton Accumulator]] (AA) had been operational since 1980, the update program '''ACOL''' ('''Antiproton COLlector''') was proposed in 1983.<ref name=designstudy>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/62881?ln=en "CERN Scientific Committee: ''Design Study of an Antiproton Collector for the Antiproton Accumulator (ACOL)''" (1983) ] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref> The update comprised improvement work on the antiproton source, the construction of the Antiproton Collector (AC), as well as reconstructions of the injection and ejection systems of the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) and its [[stochastic cooling]] system. The estimated budget of the upgrade program was 40.2 million CHF. The changes were implemented during 1986 and 1987, with the AC getting constructed tightly around the existing AA ring.<ref name=progress>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/159672?ln=en "E. Jones: ''Progress on ACOL''" (1985) ] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref>

The Antiproton Accumulator Complex (AAC) served its last particles to the [[Proton-Antiproton Collider]] Sp{{overline|p}}S in 1991. After the (Sp{{overline|p}}S) was shut down, AAC continued to produce antiprotons for [[Low Energy Antiproton Ring|LEAR]]. Operation stopped in 1997, when the AA was dismantled and the AC was converted into the [[Antiproton Decelerator]] (AD).<ref>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/293071?ln=en "B. Autin et al.: ''The antiproton decelerator (AD), a simplified antiproton source (feasibility study)''" (1995)] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref>

== Operation ==
[[File:Sketch of hydraulic analogon of the Antiproton Accumulator Complex.png|thumb|Sketch of hydraulic analogon of the Antiproton Accumulator Complex (see text for further explanation)]]
The main scope of the Antiproton Collector (AC) was to increase the antiproton [[Luminosity (scattering theory)|luminosity]] in CERN's accelerator complex. Upgrading to the AC increased the number of available antiprotons tenfold to around {{val|4.5|e=9}} antiprotons per second. The reason for this was the much larger acceptance of the AC compared to the Antiproton Accumulator (AA) alone. Additionally, several methods to compress the antiproton beams' [[phase space]] volume were applied, e.g. [[stochastic cooling]].<ref name=autin>[https://cds.cern.ch/record/156910 "B. Autin: ''The CERN Antiproton Collector''" (1985)] Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref>

The antiprotons were produced by accelerating protons onto a target. The resulting antiprotons emitted by the target material had a large [[Beam divergence|divergence]], which called for special devices to focus them. Instead of [[quadrupole magnet]]s, which are conventionally used to focus particle beams, rods of solid [[lithium]] with an applied high gradient magnetic field were implemented.

The functionality of the Antiproton Accumulator Complex can be well understood through the analogon of a hydraulic system, which is depicted in the included picture. The tap represents the target systems that produce antiprotons. These are collected in the collector ring with a large acceptance (the funnel). The accumulator ring can be compared to a reservoir, where the antiprotons are accumulated and eventually released as even, well defined bunches.<ref name=autin />

==See also==
*[[Antiproton Accumulator]]
*[[Stochastic cooling]]
*[[Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://archive.today/20120524205519/http://livefromcern.web.cern.ch/livefromcern/antimatter/history/AM-history02-c.html The History of Antimatter]
*Record for [https://inspirehep.net/experiments/1614805 Antiproton Collector] experiment on [[INSPIRE-HEP]]

{{CERN}}

[[Category:Particle experiments]]
[[Category:CERN accelerators]]
[[Category:Particle physics facilities]]
[[Category:CERN facilities]]