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'''FLUKA''' (an acronym for Fluktuierende Kaskade) is a fully integrated [[Monte Carlo method|Monte Carlo]] simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter.<ref name="BattistoniBoehlen2015">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Boehlen|first2=Till|last3=Cerutti|first3=Francesco|last4=Chin|first4=Pik Wai|last5=Esposito|first5=Luigi Salvatore|last6=Fassò|first6=Alberto|last7=Ferrari|first7=Alfredo|last8=Lechner|first8=Anton|last9=Empl|first9=Anton|last10=Mairani|first10=Andrea|last11=Mereghetti|first11=Alessio|last12=Ortega|first12=Pablo Garcia|last13=Ranft|first13=Johannes|last14=Roesler|first14=Stefan|last15=Sala|first15=Paola R.|last16=Vlachoudis|first16=Vasilis|last17=Smirnov|first17=George|title=Overview of the FLUKA code|journal=Annals of Nuclear Energy|volume=82|year=2015|pages=10–18|issn=0306-4549|doi=10.1016/j.anucene.2014.11.007|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015AnNuE..82...10B |url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1249650}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|doi=10.5170/CERN-2005-010 |title=FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code, CERN 2005-10 (2005), INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773|year=2005|last1=Fassò|first1=A.|last2=Ferrari|first2=A.|last3=Ranft|first3=Johannes|last4=Sala|first4=Paola R.|series=CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs|isbn=978-92-9083-260-7}}</ref><ref name="BattistoniCerutti2007">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=G.|last2=Cerutti|first2=F.|last3=Fassò|first3=A.|last4=Ferrari|first4=A.|last5=Muraro|first5=S.|last6=Ranft|first6=J.|last7=Roesler|first7=S.|last8=Sala|first8=P. R.|journal=AIP Conference Proceedings|title=The FLUKA code: description and benchmarking|volume=896|year=2007|pages=31–49|issn=0094-243X|doi=10.1063/1.2720455}}</ref><ref name="BattistoniMargiotta2011">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Margiotta|first2=Annarita|last3=Muraro|first3=Silvia|last4=Sioli|first4=Maximiliano|title=FLUKA as a new high energy cosmic ray generator|journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment|volume=626-627|year=2011|pages=S191–S192|issn=0168-9002|doi=10.1016/j.nima.2010.05.019|arxiv=1002.4655|bibcode=2011NIMPA.626S.191B|s2cid=119208962}}</ref>  
'''FLUKA''' (an acronym for Fluktuierende Kaskade) is a fully integrated [[Monte Carlo method|Monte Carlo]] simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter.<ref name="BattistoniBoehlen2015">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Boehlen|first2=Till|last3=Cerutti|first3=Francesco|last4=Chin|first4=Pik Wai|last5=Esposito|first5=Luigi Salvatore|last6=Fassò|first6=Alberto|last7=Ferrari|first7=Alfredo|last8=Lechner|first8=Anton|last9=Empl|first9=Anton|last10=Mairani|first10=Andrea|last11=Mereghetti|first11=Alessio|last12=Ortega|first12=Pablo Garcia|last13=Ranft|first13=Johannes|last14=Roesler|first14=Stefan|last15=Sala|first15=Paola R.|last16=Vlachoudis|first16=Vasilis|last17=Smirnov|first17=George|title=Overview of the FLUKA code|journal=Annals of Nuclear Energy|volume=82|year=2015|pages=10–18|issn=0306-4549|doi=10.1016/j.anucene.2014.11.007|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015AnNuE..82...10B |url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1249650}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|doi=10.5170/CERN-2005-010 |title=FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code, CERN 2005-10 (2005), INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773|year=2005|last1=Fassò|first1=A.|last2=Ferrari|first2=A.|last3=Ranft|first3=Johannes|last4=Sala|first4=Paola R.|series=CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs|isbn=978-92-9083-260-7}}</ref><ref name="BattistoniCerutti2007">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=G.|last2=Cerutti|first2=F.|last3=Fassò|first3=A.|last4=Ferrari|first4=A.|last5=Muraro|first5=S.|last6=Ranft|first6=J.|last7=Roesler|first7=S.|last8=Sala|first8=P. R.|journal=AIP Conference Proceedings|title=The FLUKA code: description and benchmarking|volume=896|year=2007|pages=31–49|issn=0094-243X|doi=10.1063/1.2720455}}</ref><ref name="BattistoniMargiotta2011">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Margiotta|first2=Annarita|last3=Muraro|first3=Silvia|last4=Sioli|first4=Maximiliano|title=FLUKA as a new high energy cosmic ray generator|journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment|volume=626-627|year=2011|pages=S191–S192|issn=0168-9002|doi=10.1016/j.nima.2010.05.019|arxiv=1002.4655|bibcode=2011NIMPA.626S.191B|s2cid=119208962}}</ref>  
FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies,<ref name="BattistoniFerrari2002">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=G.|last2=Ferrari|first2=A.|last3=Montaruli|first3=T.|last4=Sala|first4=P.R.|title=Comparison of the FLUKA calculations with CAPRICE94 data on muons in atmosphere|journal=Astroparticle Physics|volume=17|issue=4|year=2002|pages=477–488|issn=0927-6505|doi=10.1016/S0927-6505(01)00176-1|arxiv=hep-ph/0107241|bibcode=2002APh....17..477B|s2cid=204927907}}</ref> dosimetry,<ref name="RoeslerHeinrich2002">{{cite journal|last1=Roesler|first1=S.|last2=Heinrich|first2=W.|last3=Schraube|first3=H.|year=2002|title=Monte Carlo Calculation of the Radiation Field at Aircraft Altitudes|url=https://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/getdoc/slac-pub-8968.pdf|journal=Radiation Protection Dosimetry|volume=98|issue=4|pages=367–388|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006728|issn=0144-8420|pmid=12120665}}</ref> medical physics, radiobiology. A recent line of development concerns hadron therapy.<ref name="BattistoniBauer2016">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Bauer|first2=Julia|last3=Boehlen|first3=Till T.|last4=Cerutti|first4=Francesco|last5=Chin|first5=Mary P. W.|last6=Dos Santos Augusto|first6=Ricardo|last7=Ferrari|first7=Alfredo|last8=Ortega|first8=Pablo G.|last9=Kozłowska|first9=Wioletta|last10=Magro|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Mairani|first11=Andrea|last12=Parodi|first12=Katia|last13=Sala|first13=Paola R.|last14=Schoofs|first14=Philippe|last15=Tessonnier|first15=Thomas|last16=Vlachoudis|first16=Vasilis|title=The FLUKA Code: An Accurate Simulation Tool for Particle Therapy|journal=Frontiers in Oncology|volume=6|year=2016|page=116|issn=2234-943X|doi=10.3389/fonc.2016.00116|pmid=27242956|pmc=4863153|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="ZhangLee2017">{{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Qinghui|last2=Lee|first2=Chaeyeong|last3=Lee|first3=Sangmin|last4=Lee|first4=Seung-Jae|last5=Song|first5=Hankyeol|last6=Kim|first6=Dae-Hyun|last7=Cho|first7=Sungkoo|last8=Jo|first8=Kwanghyun|last9=Han|first9=Youngyih|last10=Chung|first10=Yong Hyun|last11=Kim|first11=Jin Sung|title=Monte Carlo simulation of secondary neutron dose for scanning proton therapy using FLUKA|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=12|issue=10|year=2017|article-number=e0186544|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0186544|pmid=29045491|pmc=5646843|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1286544L|doi-access=free}}</ref> As of 2022 FLUKA allowed simulation of interactions of photons with energy 100 eV and above.<ref name=Tsinganis/>
FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies,<ref name="BattistoniFerrari2002">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=G.|last2=Ferrari|first2=A.|last3=Montaruli|first3=T.|last4=Sala|first4=P.R.|title=Comparison of the FLUKA calculations with CAPRICE94 data on muons in atmosphere|journal=Astroparticle Physics|volume=17|issue=4|year=2002|pages=477–488|issn=0927-6505|doi=10.1016/S0927-6505(01)00176-1|arxiv=hep-ph/0107241|bibcode=2002APh....17..477B|s2cid=204927907}}</ref> dosimetry,<ref name="RoeslerHeinrich2002">{{cite journal|last1=Roesler|first1=S.|last2=Heinrich|first2=W.|last3=Schraube|first3=H.|year=2002|title=Monte Carlo Calculation of the Radiation Field at Aircraft Altitudes|url=https://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/getdoc/slac-pub-8968.pdf|journal=Radiation Protection Dosimetry|volume=98|issue=4|pages=367–388|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006728|issn=0144-8420|pmid=12120665}}</ref> medical physics, radiobiology. A recent line of development concerns hadron therapy.<ref name="BattistoniBauer2016">{{cite journal|last1=Battistoni|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Bauer|first2=Julia|last3=Boehlen|first3=Till T.|last4=Cerutti|first4=Francesco|last5=Chin|first5=Mary P. W.|last6=Dos Santos Augusto|first6=Ricardo|last7=Ferrari|first7=Alfredo|last8=Ortega|first8=Pablo G.|last9=Kozłowska|first9=Wioletta|last10=Magro|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Mairani|first11=Andrea|last12=Parodi|first12=Katia|last13=Sala|first13=Paola R.|last14=Schoofs|first14=Philippe|last15=Tessonnier|first15=Thomas|last16=Vlachoudis|first16=Vasilis|title=The FLUKA Code: An Accurate Simulation Tool for Particle Therapy|journal=Frontiers in Oncology|volume=6|year=2016|page=116|issn=2234-943X|doi=10.3389/fonc.2016.00116|pmid=27242956|pmc=4863153|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="ZhangLee2017">{{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Qinghui|last2=Lee|first2=Chaeyeong|last3=Lee|first3=Sangmin|last4=Lee|first4=Seung-Jae|last5=Song|first5=Hankyeol|last6=Kim|first6=Dae-Hyun|last7=Cho|first7=Sungkoo|last8=Jo|first8=Kwanghyun|last9=Han|first9=Youngyih|last10=Chung|first10=Yong Hyun|last11=Kim|first11=Jin Sung|title=Monte Carlo simulation of secondary neutron dose for scanning proton therapy using FLUKA|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=12|issue=10|year=2017|article-number=e0186544|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0186544|pmid=29045491|pmc=5646843|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1286544L|doi-access=free}}</ref> As of 2022 FLUKA allowed simulation of interactions of photons with energy 100 eV and above.<ref name=Tsinganis>{{Cite web|url=https://indico.cern.ch/event/1088396/attachments/2508104/4310222/Academic_Training_FLUKA.pdf|title= An overview of the FLUKA particle transport code and its graphical user interface Flair|date=14 September 2022|format=PDF|author=Tsinganis A.}}</ref>


It is the standard tool used in radiation protection studies in the CERN particle accelerator laboratory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Monte Carlo code for ion beam therapy |url=https://cds.cern.ch/journal/CERNBulletin/2012/20/News%20Articles/1447488?ln=en |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=CERN Document Server}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Battistoni |first1=Giuseppe |last2=Broggi |first2=Francesco |last3=Brugger |first3=Markus |last4=Campanella |first4=Mauro |last5=Carboni |first5=Massimo |last6=Empl |first6=Anton |last7=Fassò |first7=Alberto |last8=Gadioli |first8=Ettore |last9=Cerutti |first9=Francesco |last10=Ferrari |first10=Alfredo |last11=Ferrari |first11=Anna |last12=Garzelli |first12=Maria Vittoria |last13=Lantz |first13=Mattias |last14=Mairani |first14=Andrea |last15=Margiotta |first15=M. |date=2011-10-01 |title=The Application of the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA in Radiation Protection Studies for the Large Hadron Collider |url=https://www.aesj.net/document/pnst002/358-364.pdf |journal=Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology |language=en |volume=2 |pages=358–364 |doi=10.15669/pnst.2.358 |issn=2185-4823}}</ref>
It is the standard tool used in radiation protection studies in the CERN particle accelerator laboratory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Monte Carlo code for ion beam therapy |url=https://cds.cern.ch/journal/CERNBulletin/2012/20/News%20Articles/1447488?ln=en |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=CERN Document Server}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Battistoni |first1=Giuseppe |last2=Broggi |first2=Francesco |last3=Brugger |first3=Markus |last4=Campanella |first4=Mauro |last5=Carboni |first5=Massimo |last6=Empl |first6=Anton |last7=Fassò |first7=Alberto |last8=Gadioli |first8=Ettore |last9=Cerutti |first9=Francesco |last10=Ferrari |first10=Alfredo |last11=Ferrari |first11=Anna |last12=Garzelli |first12=Maria Vittoria |last13=Lantz |first13=Mattias |last14=Mairani |first14=Andrea |last15=Margiotta |first15=M. |date=2011-10-01 |title=The Application of the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA in Radiation Protection Studies for the Large Hadron Collider |url=https://www.aesj.net/document/pnst002/358-364.pdf |journal=Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology |language=en |volume=2 |pages=358–364 |doi=10.15669/pnst.2.358 |issn=2185-4823}}</ref>
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[[Category:Pages linking to Wikipedia]] [[Category:CERN software]]
[[Category:Pages linking to Wikipedia]] [[Category:CERN software]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

Latest revision as of 07:21, 7 January 2026

FLUKA (an acronym for Fluktuierende Kaskade) is a fully integrated Monte Carlo simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter.[1][2][3][4] FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies,[5] dosimetry,[6] medical physics, radiobiology. A recent line of development concerns hadron therapy.[7][8] As of 2022 FLUKA allowed simulation of interactions of photons with energy 100 eV and above.[9]

It is the standard tool used in radiation protection studies in the CERN particle accelerator laboratory.[10][11] FLUKA software code is used by Epcard, which is a software program for simulating radiation exposure on airline flights.[12]

The first version of FLUKA was developed in the 1960s by Johannes Ranft. FLUKA makes use of combinatorial geometry.[9]

For more information, see Wikipedia.

References

  1. ↑ "Overview of the FLUKA code" (2015). Annals of Nuclear Energy 82: 10–18. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2014.11.007. ISSN 0306-4549. w:Bibcode: 2015AnNuE..82...10B. 
  2. ↑ Fassò, A.; Ferrari, A.; Ranft, Johannes; Sala, Paola R. (2005). FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code, CERN 2005-10 (2005), INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773. CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs. doi:10.5170/CERN-2005-010. ISBN 978-92-9083-260-7.
  3. ↑ "The FLUKA code: description and benchmarking" (2007). AIP Conference Proceedings 896: 31–49. doi:10.1063/1.2720455. ISSN 0094-243X. 
  4. ↑ "FLUKA as a new high energy cosmic ray generator" (2011). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 626-627: S191–S192. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.05.019. ISSN 0168-9002. w:Bibcode: 2011NIMPA.626S.191B. 
  5. ↑ "Comparison of the FLUKA calculations with CAPRICE94 data on muons in atmosphere" (2002). Astroparticle Physics 17 (4): 477–488. doi:10.1016/S0927-6505(01)00176-1. ISSN 0927-6505. w:Bibcode: 2002APh....17..477B. 
  6. ↑ "Monte Carlo Calculation of the Radiation Field at Aircraft Altitudes" (2002). Radiation Protection Dosimetry 98 (4): 367–388. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006728. ISSN 0144-8420. Template:PMID. 
  7. ↑ "The FLUKA Code: An Accurate Simulation Tool for Particle Therapy" (2016). Frontiers in Oncology 6. doi:10.3389/fonc.2016.00116. ISSN 2234-943X. Template:PMID. 
  8. ↑ "Monte Carlo simulation of secondary neutron dose for scanning proton therapy using FLUKA" (2017). PLOS ONE 12 (10). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186544. ISSN 1932-6203. Template:PMID. w:Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1286544L. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Tsinganis A. (14 September 2022). "An overview of the FLUKA particle transport code and its graphical user interface Flair" (PDF).
  10. ↑ "A Monte Carlo code for ion beam therapy". CERN Document Server. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  11. ↑ "The Application of the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA in Radiation Protection Studies for the Large Hadron Collider" (in en) (2011-10-01). Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology 2: 358–364. doi:10.15669/pnst.2.358. ISSN 2185-4823. 
  12. ↑ Jeffrey R. Davis, Robert Johnson, Jan Stepanek - Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine (2008) - Page 228-230 (Google Books Link 2010)
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